Acrylic Ion Exchanger Overview The ion exchange system is a traditional water treatment process that uses anion and cation exchange resins to replace various anions and cations in water. By combining anion and cation exchange resins in different proportions, it forms cation exchange bed systems, anion exchange bed systems, and mixed-bed (dual-bed) ion exchange systems. The mixed-bed (dual-bed) system is typically used after reverse osmosis and other water treatment processes to produce ultrapure and high-purity water as a final treatment step. It remains one of the indispensable methods for preparing ultrapure and high-purity water. The effluent conductivity can be as low as 0.2 μS/cm, with resistivity reaching above 5 MΩ·cm. It is widely applied in industries such as electronics, power ultrapure water, chemical processing, electroplating ultrapure water, boiler feedwater, and pharmaceutical ultrapure water for the preparation of ultrapure and high-purity water. Working Principle Using the ion exchange method, ionic cations and anions in water can be removed. Representing inorganic salts in water with sodium chloride (NaCl), the fundamental reaction for water desalination can be expressed by the following equations: 1. Cation exchange resin: R-H + Na? → R-Na + H? 2. Anion exchange resin: R-OH + Cl? → R-Cl + OH? The overall reaction for cation and anion exchange resins can be written as: RH + ROH + NaCl → RNa + RCl + H?O From this, it can be seen that NaCl in the water is replaced by H? and OH? from the resins, and the only reaction product is H?O, thus achieving the removal of salts from the water.