Similar to electronic gastroscopy, laparoscopy is a medical device equipped with a miniature camera. Laparoscopic surgery is performed using the laparoscope and its associated instruments. It consists of five basic systems: the laparoscopic video recording and monitoring system, the CO2 pneumoperitoneum system, the electro-cutting system, the irrigation-suction system, and surgical instruments.

1. Laparoscopic Video Recording and Monitoring System

Composed of the laparoscope, light source and light path, miniature camera, camera converter, monitor (television), automatic cold light source, and video recorder. Laparoscopes commonly have 0° and 30° viewing angles. Instruments come in various specifications with diameters of 10mm, 5mm, and 2.5mm.

2. CO2 Pneumoperitoneum System

Consists of a spring-loaded pneumoperitoneum needle (Veness needle), insufflation tubing, insufflator, and CO2 cylinder. Its purpose is to provide a broad space and field of view for the surgery.

The predetermined intra-abdominal pressure required for surgery is 12-15mmHg, along with an automatic insufflator.

3. Irrigation-Suction System

Mainly includes two parts:

1) Irrigation: Functions include observing and protecting tissues, preventing adhesions, stopping bleeding, and repairing tissues.

2) Suction: Utilizes the catheter effect for suction, sometimes with the use of a filter.